ITIF-中国在人工智能方面有多创新（英）-2024.8-30页

INTRODUCTIONArtificial intelligence (Al)refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines,enablingthem to perform tasks such as visual perception,speech recognition,decision-making,andlanguage translation.The field has advanced significantly in the past decade,and researchershave pushed the boundaries of Al technology with large language models(LLMs)that perform anumber of tasks as well as humans.1The United States has been at the forefront of Al innovation,benefiting from leading researchuniversities,a robust technology sector and,until now,a supportive regulatory environment.However,China has emerged as a formidable competitor over the past decade.2 And the narrativethat China is merely a copier is false and outdated.China's strong academic institutions andinnovative research,particularly from Tsinghua University,has produced the majority of China'stop Al start-ups,including the current top four generative Al start-ups-Zhipu Al,Baichuan Al,Moonshot Al,and MiniMax-all founded by its faculty and alumni.China now produces more Alresearch than the United States,and it is rapidly closing the performance gap with U.S.LLMs,especially in bilingual benchmarks.While China leads in research volume,the United States excels in translating cutting-edgeresearch into real-world products,driven by its private-sector firms.This is evidenced by theUnited States producing more notable machine learning and foundation models,with 61 notablemachine learning models compared with China's 15 in 2023,and 109 U.S.foundation modelscompared with 20 from China.China's financial landscape further underscores its rapid catch-up.Although the United Statesdwarfs China in private Al investment,foreign investment is beginning to trickle into China'sgenerative Al sector.The venture capital arm of Saudi Arabia's Aramco recently backed Zhipu Alin a $400 million deal,highlighting confidence in China's Al capabilities.The Chinesegovernment is also stepping in to fill funding gaps,supporting domestic Al companies with state-directed capital and financial aids,proving particularly effective in supporting domestic Alcompanies in regions typically overlooked by the private sector.Despite extensive U.S.efforts to restrict China's access to advanced technology through exportcontrols,these measures have had limited success.In fact,these measures have helped spurChina to advance its homegrown ecosystem.Chinese companies are circumventing restrictions bytraining in public clouds wherever they can and innovating with developing on-premises privateclouds such as Huawei's "Al-in-a-box"products wherever they can't.The reality is the United States'efforts to hold back China's Al progress are unlikely to succeedChina is advancing rapidly in Al research and application,challenging the United States'dominance in this critical field.Despite hurdles,China's robust academic foundations,innovative methodologies,and increasing foreign investment are propelling it toward becoming aleading Al powerho